Encyclopini LeConte, 1873

Encyclopini LeConte,1873 is treated here as a monotypic tribe containing the type genus Encyclops Newman, 1838.  There is virtually no agreement in the global taxonomic community on the most appropriate placement for Encyclops. The species (see genus page) are distributed in eastern Asia and North America.

In the Pacific Northwest can be found one species, E. californicus Van Dyke, 1920, which is recognizable by its small size and pale elytra, which are parallel and at least 4 times as long as they are broad. This species is somewhat rare in California, and the PNW record is based on only a single specimen taken in the Cascades of central Oregon. That specimen, pictured above, is held at the Oregon State Arthropod Collection.

The eastern North American species, E. caeruleus (Say, 1826) is the type species for the genus (original designation by LeConte).      

Notes on Taxonomy

• The tribe was originally erected by LeConte to hold the three genera Encyclops ​Newman, Leptalia LeConte and Enoploderes Faldermann (=Pyrotrichus LeConte).  
• Casey (1913) objected to LeConte's concept of Encyclopini, based of the angle of the vertex of the head.  
• All three genera were included in Ralph Hopping's (1937) Lepturini of North America., and the tribe Encyclopini was not recognized in Linsley and Chemsak (1972) or Arnett et al. (2002). Monne and Bezark (2013), however, represent the tribe as originally proposed by LeConte, with junior synonym Pyrotrichus listed instead of Enoploderes. 
• Svacha and Danilevsky have Encyclopini in the Rhagiini, and Pyrotrichus in 'Tribe II" near Rhamnusium. This is the basis for Rhamnusiini Sama, 2009. 
• Adlbauer et al. (2010) recognizes Encyclopini but has Pyrotrichus as a synonym of Enoploderes (subg. Enoploderes) in the tribe Rhagiini.
• In the same volume, Danilevsky (2010, p.48) notes that "according to Svacha (1989) the tribe Encylopini is ill-defined because the larvae of Encyclops Newman, 1838 are very similar to those of Pidonia Mulsant, 1863 (currently in Rhagiini). The thorax, with distinct lateral tubercles, and the head morphology in Encyclops are not similar to those in Pidonia and its allied genera. Therefore, Encylopini is retained as valid." [sic] [Correct is Encyclopini].
• Also, Danilevsky (2013) remarks that "Encyclops has an undivided stridulatory plate (as in Xylosteini)."
• Cherepanov (1998) places Encyclops in "Xylosteini (=Encyclopini)" [no author given, but Encyclopini LeConte, 1873 is available and has priority over Xylosteini Reitter, 1913 (see Bouchard et al., 2011)], on the basis of the following characters: Adult: "Body narrowly elongate. Elytra with parallel sides, their length about 4.0 times their total width at base." Larvae: "Locomotory ampullae on first five (especially II to V) abdominal segments bulge markedly, resemble paired tubercular dilatations that extend laterally, with deep median longitudinal groove." Pupae:   "Abdominal tergite IX slightly emarginate along posterior margin, without urogomphi." -- Cherapanov's "Stenocorini" has pair of small contiguous urogomphi, while Lepturini is with or without. 

References

1. Adlbauer, K., M. L. Danilevsky, A. Drumont, L. Hubweber, Z. Komiya, I. Löbl, J. Morati, P. Rapuzzi, G. Sama, A. Smetana & A. Weigel. Cerambycidae. In: Lobl I. & Smetana A. (ed.): Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, 2010, Vol. 6. Stenstrup: Apollo Books, 924pp.
2. Arnett, R. H., C. T. Michael, P. E. Skelly, and J. H. Frank. 2002. American Beetles. Volume 2. Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Cuculionoidea. CRC Press. Washington, D.C.
3. Bouchard, P., Bousquet, Y., Davies, A.E., Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A., Lawrence, J.F., Lyal, C.H.C., Newton, A.F., Reid, C.A.M., Schmitt, M., Ślipiński, S.A., and Smith, A.B.T. (2011). "Family-Group Names in Coleoptera (Insecta).", ZooKeys, 88, pp. 1-972. doi : 10.3897/zookeys.88.807
4. Casey, T. L. 1913. Further studies amongst the American Longicornia. Memoirs on the Coleoptera, 4:193-388.
5. Cherepanov, A. I. 1988. Cerambycidae of northern Asia, Volume I, Prioninae, Disteniinae, Lepturinae, Aseminae. Amerind Publishing; New Delhi. 642 p.
6. Danilevsky, M. L. 2010. New Acts and Comments: Cerambycidae. In: Lobl I. & Smetana A. (ed.): Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, 2010, Vol. 6. Stenstrup: Apollo Books, 924pp.
7. Danilevsky, M. L. 2013. Remarks on Systematic list of Longicorn Beetles (Cerambycoidea) of the territory of the former USSR. www.cerambycidae.net (Accessed June 6, 2013).
8. Hopping, R. 1937. The Lepturini of America North of Mexico. Part II. National Museum of Canada. (Biological Series) (22)85:1-27, 6 pls.
9. LeConte, J. L. 1973. Classification of the Coleoptera of North America. Prepared for the Smithsonian Institution. Part II. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections.  11(265):279-348.
10. Linsley, E. G., and J. A. Chemsak. 1972. Cerambycidae of North America. Part VI. No. 1. Taxonomy and Classification of the Subfamily Lepturinae. University of California Publications in Entomology 69,  xiii+138 pp, 2 pl.
11. Monné M. A., and L. G. Bezark. 2013. Checklist of the Oxypeltidae, Vesperidae, Disteniidae and Cerambycidae, (Coleoptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Available from: plant.cdfa.ca.gov/byciddb/documents.html (Accessed on 4 July 2013).
12. Sama, G. & Sudre, J. (2009) New nomenclatural acts in Cerambycidae. II. (Coleoptera). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 114(3), 383–388.
13. Svacha P. and Danilevsky M.L., 1989. Cerambycoid larvae of Europe and Soviet Union (Coleoptera, Cerambycoidea). Part III. Acta Univ. Carolinae, 32, 1-2: 1-205. PDF.